Texas Electrician ExamTexas journeyman & master

Conduit Fill Calculator

Table 4 and Table 5 of the 2026 edition are in this page. Pick a raceway, add the conductors, read the fill percent and the size that fits.

Bending the pipe as well as filling it?

The conduit bending simulator handles the other half of the run. Drag the rise, turn the angle dial, and it works the offset multiplier, the shrink, the take up and every mark, then counts the degrees you have put in against the 360 that 358.24(B) allows between pull points.

Open the bending simulator

chapter 9, tables 1, 4 and 5Will these conductors fitUp to six rows of conductors, into any raceway type in Table 4.

One row per insulation type and size. Grounds count toward fill under Note 3, so give them a row.

Note 4 to Table 1: 60 percent, and no count adjustment factors.

annex cHow many fitOne insulation type, one size and one trade size, and it prints the maximum that fits, with the rounding rule shown.

This is the Annex C question. It holds only where every conductor in the raceway is the same size and the same insulation type, which is also the condition on the rounding rule underneath it.

How this one differs from /calc

The calculators on the /calc page make you read every table value out of your own book, because looking a value up is the skill the exam is testing. This page does the opposite on purpose, so a pull can be checked from the truck in about ten seconds.

Both run the same rules. The method is written out below, and every number the calculator uses is printed further down as a table you can read straight off.

The method

Conduit fill is one comparison. Total the cross sectional area of every conductor from Chapter 9, Table 5, then hold that total against a percentage of the raceway area from Chapter 9, Table 4. The percentage itself comes from Chapter 9, Table 1.

What sets the percentage is the number of conductors, not their size. Table 1 gives 53 percent for one conductor, 31 percent for two, and 40 percent for three or more. Two is the tightest of the three, which reads backwards until you remember the limit is about pulling tension rather than heat.

Note 4 to Table 1 is the exception worth carrying in your head. A nipple not over 24 inches long, run between boxes, cabinets or similar enclosures, may be filled to 60 percent, and the same note turns off the conductor count adjustment factors over that length. Both conditions have to be true, and a length of 25 inches is an ordinary raceway again.

Note 3 puts equipment grounding and bonding conductors into the fill at their own area, bare or insulated. Exam items lean on this, because a candidate who leaves the ground out of a four conductor pull lands on an answer that looks reasonable.

Run backwards, from a raceway to a count, the arithmetic divides the permitted area by the area of one conductor and lands on a decimal. Note 7 decides what happens to it: where every conductor is the same size, a decimal of 0.8 or larger goes up to the next whole number, and anything under that is dropped. Get the condition wrong and you have swapped one wrong answer for another, because on a mixed size pull the decimal is always dropped.

The order that saves time is this. Count the conductors first, because that fixes the percentage, then check for the nipple, then read Table 5 by insulation type before size, total the areas, and only then open Table 4 at the right article. The study page on conduit fill works through the notes one at a time.

A worked example

Four 12 AWG THHN into half inch EMT. Table 5 gives 0.0133 square inches for one 12 AWG THHN, so four of them come to 0.0532 square inches.

Four conductors is more than two, so Table 1 gives 40 percent. Table 4 gives 0.304 square inches of total area for half inch EMT, and 40 percent of that is 0.122 square inches.

0.0532 against 0.122 passes, at 17.5 percent fill. Turn the same two numbers around and 0.122 divided by 0.0133 gives 9 conductors as the maximum, which is what Annex C prints for 12 AWG THHN in half inch EMT.

Where the numbers come from

Where the numbers come from

The value used for your inputs is read from NEC 2026 Chapter 9 Table 1, Table 4 and Table 5, the way you would read it in the exam room, and the working above names the row it came from. The tables themselves belong to NFPA and are not printed on this page. Bring your own copy of the 2026 code, which is what the exam requires anyway, and check the row there.

These are the values the calculator runs on. Only the total area of each raceway is stored here. The 53, 31, 40 and 60 percent figures are computed from that total rather than typed in from the printed percentage columns of Table 4, and they agree with those columns to the thousandth.

Conductors in the racewayPermitted fill
153%
231%
Over 240%
Nipple not over 24 inches60%
NEC Chapter 9, Table 1, with Note 4. The percentage is set by the number of conductors in the raceway. 2026 edition.

Questions people ask

How many 12 AWG THHN conductors fit in half inch EMT?
Nine. Table 5 gives 0.0133 square inches for one 12 AWG THHN, Table 4 gives 0.304 square inches for half inch EMT, and 40 percent of that is 0.122 square inches, which divides by 0.0133 into 9 conductors. Three quarter inch EMT takes 16 of them and 1 inch EMT takes 26. Those are the figures Annex C prints.
What size conduit do I need for my conductors?
Total the conductor areas from Table 5, then take the first trade size whose permitted area is not less than that total. The calculator at the top of this page does exactly that and names the smallest trade size of the raceway type you picked. Changing the raceway type changes the answer, because two types of the same trade size have different internal areas.
How do you do an NEC conduit fill calculation by hand?
Count the conductors first, because the count sets the percentage: 53 percent for one, 31 percent for two, 40 percent for three or more. Look up each conductor area in Chapter 9, Table 5 by insulation type and then by size, and add them up. Read the raceway total area out of Chapter 9, Table 4, take the permitted percentage of it, and compare.
Does the ground wire count toward conduit fill?
Yes. Note 3 to Table 1 counts equipment grounding and bonding conductors in the fill at their own area, whether they are insulated or bare. They carry no current in normal service and they still take up room, so give them a row of their own in the calculator.
When is a conduit allowed to be filled to 60 percent?
Only where it is a nipple. Note 4 to Table 1 permits 60 percent fill in a conduit or tubing nipple not over 24 inches long installed between boxes, cabinets and similar enclosures, and the same note says the conductor count adjustment factors need not apply over that length. Both the length and the between enclosures part have to be true.
Why is two conductors 31 percent when three or more is 40 percent?
The limit is about pulling the wire in, not about heat. Two round conductors in a round raceway can jam against each other in a way that three or more cannot, so Table 1 gives the two conductor case the tightest percentage of the three. An item that hands you exactly two conductors is usually testing that row.
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